1) A point that Roseland makes that thought was important was looking at the city at a whole and analyzing how energy is being brought into the city, how that energy is being used. A large amount to energy is being used just to bring the energy to cities, because people don't want to live next to a coal or nuclear power plant. For urban sustainable development the way in which energy and pollution move through a city is important to study and then try to reorganize to make it more efficient.
2) I found the map of Berkley California hard to decipher. As the years progressed I lost track of where the circles should be. I think the point would have been clearer if the circles from the first map were drawn on the following three maps.
Roseland:
Roseland defines sustainable communities as a "continually adjusting to meet the social and economic needs of its residents while preserving the environment's ability to support it."
Over half of the world population lives in cities, this transformation has positive and negatives. The positive implication that Roseland points out is that cities provide opportunities to solve environmental challengers and will be the pioneers to new approaches in sustainable development and community management. The negatives of so many people is cities, is the accumulation of pollution, waste and more resources and energy are needed. Roseland views Northern cities as being unsustainable and southern cities as being underdeveloped. Northern cities are having a larger impact on the environment then southern cities, making is more critical for northern cities to strive toward sustainable development.
In North America, cities were form with the assumption that abundant and cheap energy and land would be available forever. This assumption effected how cities were built, and resulting in all cities being made to be car-dependent. Back with coal was abundant and cheap lots of streets and cars were main, but mass transportation in the form of trolleys, subways and busses were underdeveloped. Another feature of the city that formed with the assumption that energy and land are abundant is that urban cities are sprawling. This can be seen in Indianapolis and Bloomington where the areas that used to be farm land are turning in to suburbs.
North American cities ecological footprints are around 7 times larger then those in Asian and African countries, and double the footprint of Europe. If other cities has similar ecological footprints to North American cities, we would need another earth to support the world population. Is there simply not enough food,water and land for everyone to live in the way North Americans do. The fact that American's consume more and use up more resources is a major social equity issue.
Roseland:
Roseland defines sustainable communities as a "continually adjusting to meet the social and economic needs of its residents while preserving the environment's ability to support it."
Over half of the world population lives in cities, this transformation has positive and negatives. The positive implication that Roseland points out is that cities provide opportunities to solve environmental challengers and will be the pioneers to new approaches in sustainable development and community management. The negatives of so many people is cities, is the accumulation of pollution, waste and more resources and energy are needed. Roseland views Northern cities as being unsustainable and southern cities as being underdeveloped. Northern cities are having a larger impact on the environment then southern cities, making is more critical for northern cities to strive toward sustainable development.
In North America, cities were form with the assumption that abundant and cheap energy and land would be available forever. This assumption effected how cities were built, and resulting in all cities being made to be car-dependent. Back with coal was abundant and cheap lots of streets and cars were main, but mass transportation in the form of trolleys, subways and busses were underdeveloped. Another feature of the city that formed with the assumption that energy and land are abundant is that urban cities are sprawling. This can be seen in Indianapolis and Bloomington where the areas that used to be farm land are turning in to suburbs.
North American cities ecological footprints are around 7 times larger then those in Asian and African countries, and double the footprint of Europe. If other cities has similar ecological footprints to North American cities, we would need another earth to support the world population. Is there simply not enough food,water and land for everyone to live in the way North Americans do. The fact that American's consume more and use up more resources is a major social equity issue.
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